120+ Words and Phrases Invented by Shakespeare

1. Introduction: How Shakespeare Shaped the English Language

William Shakespeare is widely regarded as one of the greatest playwrights in history, but his contributions extend far beyond the stage. He was a linguistic innovator who introduced over 1,700 words and numerous phrases that are still an essential part of the English language today.

According to scholars from the Oxford English Dictionary, many of these words were completely new, while others were clever adaptations of existing terms. His creative manipulation of language has left a lasting impact on literature, everyday speech, and even modern entertainment.

For example, did you know that words like ‘bedazzled’ and ‘swagger’ first appeared in Shakespeare’s plays? Or that phrases such as ‘wild-goose chase’ and ‘all that glitters is not gold’ originated from his works? These expressions, once groundbreaking, are now so common that we rarely stop to consider their origins.

Shakespeare’s linguistic influence continues to be studied by academics, linguists, and literature enthusiasts worldwide. In this article, we’ll uncover some of the most fascinating words and phrases he coined, exploring their historical context and how they remain relevant in today’s English.

2. The Influence of Shakespeare on the English Language

How Shakespeare Expanded English Vocabulary

During the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the English language was evolving but lacked a standardized dictionary or structure. William Shakespeare played a pivotal role in enriching and expanding English vocabulary, introducing words and expressions that added depth, humor, and vivid imagery to the language. Linguists estimate that Shakespeare coined over 1,700 words, many of which are still in use today.

Shakespeare’s Neologisms: Inventing New Words

Shakespeare was not just a master storyteller; he was also a linguistic innovator. He transformed nouns into verbs, combined words in unique ways, and borrowed from Latin, French, and other languages to create fresh vocabulary. His inventive use of language helped shape the evolution of modern English.

Famous Words Coined by Shakespeare

Many words Shakespeare introduced have become staples of everyday speech. Here are a few notable examples:

• “Addiction” (Othello) – Initially used to describe a strong passion, now commonly linked to substance dependency.
• “Lonely” (Coriolanus) – Before Shakespeare, no written records show the use of “lonely” to describe solitude.
• “Swagger” (A Midsummer Night’s Dream) – Originally used playfully, it now denotes a confident way of walking.
• “Majestic” (Julius Caesar) – Now synonymous with royalty and grandeur, this word gained prominence through Shakespeare’s works.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Shakespeare is responsible for introducing or popularizing many of these words, demonstrating his lasting influence on the language.

Revolutionizing English with Phrases

Beyond individual words, Shakespeare coined numerous phrases that remain deeply embedded in modern English. Some of his most famous expressions include:

• “All that glitters is not gold” (The Merchant of Venice) – A warning that appearances can be deceptive.
• “Break the ice” (The Taming of the Shrew) – Used when initiating a conversation with someone new.
• “Wear my heart upon my sleeve” (Othello) – Expressing emotions openly and honestly.
• “The world’s mine oyster” (The Merry Wives of Windsor) – Signifying limitless opportunities.

These expressions, coined over 400 years ago, continue to appear in business meetings, literature, and pop culture, proving the timeless nature of Shakespeare’s influence.

How Shakespeare’s Creativity Shaped English

What made Shakespeare’s wordplay so impactful? Three key factors contributed to his linguistic legacy:

• Playfulness with Language

Shakespeare was fearless in experimenting with words, twisting and combining them in novel ways. His creativity allowed for new expressions that captured emotions and ideas in ways that had never been done before.

• Poetic Rhythm & Expression

Shakespeare’s words were not just functional; they had a distinct musicality and rhythm, making them memorable. His use of iambic pentameter ensured his dialogue flowed naturally while enhancing its emotional weight.

• Widespread Influence

Since Shakespeare’s plays were performed widely and enjoyed by audiences from all walks of life, his linguistic innovations quickly spread and became part of everyday speech. The popularity of his works ensured his newly coined words and phrases gained lasting traction.

Shakespeare’s Enduring Legacy in Modern English

Even today, Shakespeare’s influence on English remains strong. His linguistic innovations continue to appear in films, literature, advertisements, and even social media. Whether we realize it or not, we often use words and phrases he popularized in our daily conversations.

As David Crystal, a leading linguist and Shakespeare scholar, notes in Shakespeare’s Words, “Without Shakespeare, the English language would be missing some of its most vivid and expressive terms.” His contributions prove that great storytelling and linguistic creativity never go out of style.

By acknowledging Shakespeare’s profound impact, we not only appreciate his literary genius but also recognize the power of language to evolve and adapt over time. His words continue to inspire writers, linguists, and everyday speakers, ensuring that his influence on English will endure for generations to come.

3. Words Invented by Shakespeare (Categorized List)

William Shakespeare had an extraordinary ability to craft words that expressed emotions, actions, and descriptions in ways that were both powerful and poetic. Many of the words he introduced have become an integral part of modern English. Below is a categorized list of some of the most notable words attributed to Shakespeare, along with their origins and impact.

• Everyday Words from Shakespeare

Many of Shakespeare’s coined words have seamlessly blended into modern English. Here are some examples:

• Addiction (Othello, Act 2, Scene 2) – A strong craving or dependence.
• Blushing (Henry VI, Part 2, Act 4, Scene 1) – The act of turning red from embarrassment or shyness.
• Cold-blooded (King John, Act 3, Scene 1) – Describing someone who is cruel or lacks emotion.
• Eventful (As You Like It, Act 2, Scene 7) – Full of significant events or incidents.
• Manager (A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act 5, Scene 1) – A person in charge of planning or directing something.
• Lonely (Coriolanus, Act 4, Scene 1) – Feeling isolated or without company.
• Hint (Othello, Act 1, Scene 3) – A slight suggestion or indirect reference.

These words have become so ingrained in everyday language that it’s difficult to imagine English without them!

• Emotions & Personality Traits

Shakespeare had a gift for vividly capturing human emotions and character traits. Some of his coined words in this category include:

• Frugal (Much Ado About Nothing, Act 2, Scene 1) – Describing someone economical or avoiding unnecessary spending.
• Gloomy (Titus Andronicus, Act 3, Scene 2) – A feeling of sadness or darkness.
• Hurry (Henry VI, Part 1, Act 2, Scene 4) – The rush to move quickly or complete something faster.
• Laughable (The Merchant of Venice, Act 1, Scene 1) – Something so absurd or silly that it makes people laugh.
• Majestic (Julius Caesar, Act 1, Scene 2) – Grand, dignified, or impressive in appearance or manner.
• Zany (Love’s Labour’s Lost, Act 5, Scene 2) – Amusingly unconventional or eccentric.

Shakespeare’s ability to articulate human emotions so precisely is one of the many reasons his works remain timeless.

• Actions & Verbs

Shakespeare was highly inventive in his use of verbs, and many action words he introduced are still in use today:

• Swagger (Henry V, Act 2, Scene 4) – To walk or behave in a confident, sometimes arrogant manner.
• Elbow (as a verb, King Lear, Act 4, Scene 1) – To push or move something aside using one’s elbow.
• Gossip (A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act 2, Scene 1) – To talk about others, often in a chatty or rumor-spreading way.
• Undress (Taming of the Shrew, Act 4, Scene 1) – The act of removing clothing.
• Assassination (Macbeth, Act 1, Scene 7) – The act of murdering a significant person, often for political reasons.

These words have enriched the English language and play a significant role in modern storytelling and communication.

• Objects & Descriptions

Shakespeare’s ability to describe things vividly helped introduce new adjectives and nouns to English:

• Dwindle (Macbeth, Act 1, Scene 3) – To gradually become smaller or diminish.
• Olympian (Troilus and Cressida, Act 3, Scene 3) – Majestic or god-like, inspired by the Greek gods.
• Radiance (King Lear, Act 1, Scene 1) – A bright, glowing light or aura.
• Savagery (Timon of Athens, Act 4, Scene 3) – Fierce, violent, or untamed behavior.
• Uncomfortable (Romeo and Juliet, Act 4, Scene 5) – Causing discomfort or unease.

Even today, these words continue to bring depth and vivid imagery to literature, speeches, and daily conversations.

Shakespeare’s Influence on Modern English

Shakespeare’s impact on the English language is profound. According to linguistic historians, he is credited with coining over 1,700 words, either by inventing them outright or by adapting existing terms. His creative wordplay helped shape the way we communicate today.

Did Shakespeare Really Invent These Words?

While many of these words appeared in Shakespeare’s works for the first recorded time, some may have existed in spoken language before him. However, Shakespeare’s usage popularized them, ensuring their longevity in English.

How Shakespeare’s Word Creations Compare to Modern Trends

Just as Shakespeare introduced new words through storytelling, modern language evolves with technology, pop culture, and social media. Terms like “selfie” and “Google” follow a similar pattern—coined to describe something new and then widely adopted.

4. Timeless Wisdom: Famous Phrases Coined by Shakespeare

Shakespeare’s words have transcended centuries, shaping the English language and appearing in literature, films, and everyday conversations. His mastery of language has given us phrases that capture universal truths, emotions, and wit.

1️⃣ Life Lessons from Shakespeare

🏆 “All that glitters is not gold” – The Merchant of Venice (Act II, Scene VII)

📜 Original Meaning: In The Merchant of Venice, Prince Morocco learns this lesson the hard way when he picks a golden casket, assuming it contains the prize he seeks—only to find he was deceived.

💬 Modern Usage: This phrase reminds us that appearances can be deceptive. It’s often used as a cautionary statement:
🔹 Example: “That business opportunity looked amazing, but it turned out to be a scam—just goes to show, all that glitters is not gold!”

🎥 Pop Culture Reference: The phrase inspired the title of a song by Led Zeppelin, and similar sentiments appear in movies like The Great Gatsby, where characters chase wealth and status only to find emptiness.

❤️ “Wear my heart upon my sleeve” – Othello (Act I, Scene I)

📜 Original Meaning: The cunning Iago sarcastically claims he wears his emotions openly, though he actually harbors deceit.

💬 Modern Usage: Today, it describes people who openly express their feelings without pretense.
🔹 Example: “She’s not afraid to show her emotions—she truly wears her heart on her sleeve.”

🎥 Pop Culture Reference: The phrase is used in Taylor Swift’s lyrics and often describes public figures who are emotionally expressive, like Princess Diana.

2️⃣ Shakespeare’s Wit & Sarcasm

🎭 “Wild-goose chase” – Romeo and Juliet (Act II, Scene IV)

📜 Original Meaning: Mercutio playfully describes an unpredictable race, much like trying to catch a wild goose.

💬 Modern Usage: Used for fruitless or impossible pursuits.
🔹 Example: “Trying to get customer support on the phone felt like a wild-goose chase!”

🎥 Pop Culture Reference: The phrase appears in Sherlock Holmes stories and movies where detectives chase misleading clues.

3️⃣ Shakespeare’s Most Dramatic Sayings

🎭 “Be-all and end-all” – Macbeth (Act I, Scene VII)

📜 Original Meaning: Macbeth contemplates whether murdering King Duncan will be the ultimate solution to his ambitions.

💬 Modern Usage: Refers to the most important aspect of something.
🔹 Example: “For some, social media is the be-all and end-all of their lives!”

🎥 Pop Culture Reference: The phrase has been used by politicians, athletes, and motivational speakers, reinforcing Shakespeare’s impact on modern discourse.

Shakespeare’s Legacy: How His Words Shaped English

5. The Enduring Influence of Shakespeare on Language, Literature, and Culture

Ever wondered how Shakespeare’s words shape the way we speak today? From everyday phrases to blockbuster films and chart-topping songs, his linguistic influence is everywhere. Let’s explore how the Bard’s neologisms (newly coined words) and phrases continue to impact literature, theater, pop culture, and even our daily conversations.

📚 Shakespeare’s Influence on Literature & Books

Shakespeare’s words have enriched storytelling for centuries. Many classic and modern authors have borrowed his phrases to add depth and richness to their works.

• Charles Dickens frequently referenced Shakespeare. In Great Expectations, the phrase “the world’s mine oyster” (The Merry Wives of Windsor) is cleverly echoed through Pip’s ambitions.
• J.K. Rowling incorporated Shakespearean language into Harry Potter. The spell Dumbledore (meaning a buzzing bee) and the dramatic phrase “to be or not to be” (Hamlet) have thematic connections in the series.
• Margaret Atwood, author of The Handmaid’s Tale, wrote Hag-Seed, a modern reimagining of The Tempest, proving that Shakespeare’s stories and words remain relevant today.

According to linguist David Crystal, Shakespeare contributed over 1,700 words to the English language, many of which are still in use today.

🎭 Shakespearean Phrases in Film & Theater

Shakespeare’s impact on theater is unmatched, but his words also continue to influence modern cinema.

• Disney’s The Lion King draws inspiration from Hamlet, where young Simba (like Hamlet) must avenge his father’s death.
• “Wild-goose chase” (Romeo and Juliet) has been referenced in countless movies, from romantic comedies to action films.
• “The be-all and end-all” (Macbeth) frequently appears in dramatic movie dialogues and marketing campaigns.

Kenneth Branagh, a Shakespearean actor and director, once said: “Every great actor has a touch of Shakespeare in their craft.”

🎶 How Shakespeare Inspired Music & Pop Culture

Even the music industry has borrowed from Shakespeare. Many famous songwriters and musicians have woven his words and themes into their lyrics.

• Taylor Swift, known for her poetic songwriting, reimagines Romeo and Juliet with a happier ending in her song Love Story.
• The Beatles made several nods to Shakespeare, including their song Cry Baby Cry, which mentions “the king of Marigold.”
• Kanye West and Jay-Z have referenced Hamlet in their lyrics, proving that Shakespeare’s words still resonate in hip-hop and rap.

“Shakespeare is like rap,” said musician Akala. “The rhythm, the flow, the wordplay—it’s all there.”

🎤 Shakespeare’s Impact on Speeches & Everyday Conversations

From political leaders to motivational speakers, Shakespeare’s words continue to shape powerful speeches.

• Barack Obama, in several speeches, referenced Shakespearean themes of resilience and justice.
• Winston Churchill, during World War II, used “once more unto the breach” (Henry V) to inspire British soldiers.
• Everyday expressions like “a foregone conclusion,” “break the ice,” and “fair play” all trace back to Shakespeare’s genius.

The Oxford English Dictionary credits Shakespeare with introducing or popularizing hundreds of words still in use today.

🌟 The Timeless Influence of Shakespeare

Shakespeare’s impact on English is impossible to ignore. His neologisms have shaped literature, influenced films, inspired musicians, and continue to be spoken around the world. Whether you’re reading a novel, watching a movie, or listening to your favorite song, chances are, Shakespeare’s words are right there with you.

So, the next time you use a phrase like “all’s well that ends well” or “in a pickle,” remember—you’re speaking the language of the Bard! 🎭✨

What’s your favorite Shakespearean phrase? Drop a comment below!

6. Fun Facts & Interactive Section

Think you know your Shakespeare? Let’s test your knowledge!

Quiz: Did Shakespeare Actually Invent These Words?

Shakespeare is credited with coining hundreds of words, but not everything we think he invented is truly his! Some words on this list are his original creations, while others predate him. Can you spot the real Shakespearean inventions?

👇 Mark your answers and check at the end! 👇

1️⃣ Swagger – Did Shakespeare introduce this stylish strut? 🤔
2️⃣ Fashionable – Was this word a Shakespearean trendsetter?
3️⃣ Chocolate – A sweet addition from the Bard? 🍫
4️⃣ Lonely – Did Shakespeare invent this feeling… or just the word for it?
5️⃣ Gossip – A juicy tale from Shakespeare’s vocabulary?
6️⃣ Pandemic – Did the Bard predict global health crises?
7️⃣ Bedroom – Was this a Shakespearean invention… or an ancient word?

💡 Answer Key & Fun Fact:
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, Shakespeare is credited with coining Swagger, Fashionable, Lonely, Gossip, and Bedroom—they first appeared in his plays! However, Chocolate and Pandemic were already in existence (Chocolate hadn’t even reached England yet!).

How many did you get right? Share your score in the comments! ⬇️

Poll: What’s Your Favorite Shakespearean Phrase?

Shakespeare’s works are full of timeless and influential phrases we still use today. Which one do you like best?

🗳 Vote in our poll!

🎭 “All that glitters is not gold” (The Merchant of Venice)
💔 “Wear my heart upon my sleeve” (Othello)
🏆 “Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them” (Twelfth Night)
😆 “Wild-goose chase” (Romeo and Juliet)
🔮 “The be-all and end-all” (Macbeth)

✨ Got another favorite? Drop it in the comments! ⬇️

Conclusion: Shakespeare’s Everlasting Influence on the English Language

Shakespeare’s influence on the English language is immeasurable. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, he is credited with introducing over 1,700 words into the lexicon, many of which we still use today. His ability to craft vivid, expressive phrases has left an indelible mark—not just in literature, but in our everyday speech, films, and even marketing slogans.

Beyond vocabulary, Shakespeare revolutionized storytelling. His mastery of human psychology, dramatic structure, and poetic rhythm continues to shape modern literature and cinema. Whether it’s the tragic depth of Hamlet, the romantic intensity of Romeo and Juliet, or the witty banter of Much Ado About Nothing, his works remain as relatable and impactful as ever.

📢 What’s your favorite Shakespearean word or phrase? Do you say wild-goose chase, break the ice, or heart of gold in daily life? Drop a comment below—we’d love to hear how Shakespeare lives on in your words!

120+ Words Invented by Shakespeare